Discover Organic Chemistry and its role in Medicine & Science
“Chemistry ought not to be for chemists alone “
— Miguel de Unamuno
What is total synthesis?
Total synthesis is the science of making complex molecules like natural products in the laboratory. Initial synthetic endeavours in the 19th century elucidated simple molecules, like Wöhler’s synthesis of urea (component of urine).
This post explains basics concepts with a simple example.
As chemists gained unprecedented power through new chemical reactions, and deeper understanding of functional groups and chemical concepts, more complex targets came into the realm of possibility. Notable classics in total synthesis include penicillin (β-lactam antibiotic), strychnine (toxic alkaloid pesticide), prostaglandins (hormone-like fatty acids), vitamin B12 and taxol (anti-cancer terpenoid).
Spearheaded by breakthroughs of leaders like Robert Burns Woodward, Elias James Corey and Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou, the field has transformed our understanding of chemistry. In recent decades, it also unlocked significant value in biology and medicine.
this Organic Chemistry blog Page
Born out of passion for total synthesis, this page is part of the effort of Total Synthesis to explain simple and advanced chemistry concepts to students, professionals and other interested individuals. Although organic synthesis is objectively the best field (/s), it is needed to understand natural sciences more broadly.
Scientists of various disciplines can exhibit strong egos, elitism or arrogance (I’m sure you agree organic chemists in particular). This naivety is not helpful or fun, so we place an emphasis on interdisciplinary knowledge and welcome everyone.
This page consolidates case studies (based on educational videos) and will include stand-alone blog posts. Given the advanced nature of some of the content, much will not be beginner friendly. So, if you are at the level of googling “how to learn organic chemistry”, you will find other resources more enjoyable.
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TBS Protecting Group: TBS Protection & Deprotection
The TBS protecting group protects alcohols in organic synthesis, and is deprotected with fluoride anions (e.g., TBAF) or strong acids. This commonly used, bulky silyl protecting group is very resilient,…
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SN2 Reaction Explanation & Mechanism
Do you struggle to comprehend the SN2 mechanism, or the difference between SN2 vs SN1? You are not alone! All of us need models and practice to understand what the…
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Fmoc Protecting Group: Fmoc Protection & Deprotection Mechanism
The Fmoc protecting group protects amines in synthesis, and is deprotected with bases such as secondary amines like piperidine. You might not expect it, but this group is very similar…
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Cbz Protecting Group: N-Cbz Protection & Deprotection Mechanism
The Cbz protecting group protects amines as less reactive carbamates in organic synthesis and is deprotected with hydrogenolysis. N-Cbz is orthogonal to numerous protecting groups as it’s stable to bases…
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Boc Protecting Group: N-Boc Protection & Deprotection Mechanism
The Boc protecting group protects amines as less reactive carbamates in organic synthesis, and is deprotected with acid. N-Boc is a key topic during chemistry courses. Why?It nicely exemplifies important…
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PMB Protecting Group: PMB Protection & Deprotection Mechanism
The PMB protecting group protects alcohols as less reactive ethers in organic synthesis, and is deprotected oxidatively or with strong acids. The study of its mechanisms and properties will improve…
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Thalidomide Tragedy: Horror Drug or Miracle?
The thalidomide tragedy was the biggest “man-made disaster apart from war”. This molecule’s structure looks simple and innocent, but a chiral carbon gives rise to two enantiomers with different pharmacological…
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What is Total Synthesis? The Basics Explained
This post explains the question: What is total synthesis? If you read this, you might be forced to study organic chemistry 🙁 or are already interested in total synthesis. In…
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What is KEKulene and is it Super-Aromatic? Organic Chemistry
If you took any chemistry classes ever, you’ve heard that benzene is particularly stable due to its aromaticity. Well, benzene is cute but it pales in comparison to the massive…